What is Qurbani? The legacy of Prophet Ibrahim (as)
Each year during Eid al-Adha, Muslims across the world remember the sacrifice and devotion of Prophet Ibrahim (as) through Qurbani, also known as Udhiyah.
While many recognize it as the ritual sacrifice performed during Eid, Qurbani carries a far deeper meaning rooted in obedience, faith, and compassion.
The tradition began with a powerful test given by Allah (swt) to Prophet Ibrahim (as) and the remarkable response of his son Ismail (as).
Their story remains one of the clearest examples of complete trust in Allah (swt) and continues to inspire Muslims generations later.
The story of Ibrahim (as) and Ismail (as)
A divine test
After being blessed with a son, Ismail (as), following years of prayer and patience, Ibrahim (as) was faced with an unimaginable command from Allah (swt).
Allah (swt) says:
“And when (his son Ismail) reached the age when he could work with him, Ibrahim (as) said, ‘O my son! I have surely repeatedly seen in a dream that I am sacrificing you. So ponder (over it and let me know) what you think.’ He replied, ‘O my father! Do whatever you have been commanded (to do); you shall find me, God willing, of the patient ones.’”
Surah As-Saffat, Ayah 102
This conversation reflects the extraordinary sincerity and submission shared by both father and son.
Rather than turning away from the command, Prophet Ismail (as) answered with patience and trust in Allah (swt).
Completed submission
As the moment of sacrifice approached, Prophet Ibrahim (as) and Ismail (as) both submitted fully to the will of Allah (swt).
Allah (swt) says:
“So when they both (totally) submitted and Ibrahim (as) placed Ismail down with one side of the forehead on the ground, (We were pleased with their devotion) and (so) We called out to him saying: O Ibrahim! You have indeed made a dream come true! Surely this is how We reward the good-doers (by putting them at a higher test level so that they would deserve a greater reward).”
Surah As-Saffat, Ayah 103-105
Their willingness to obey Allah (swt), despite the emotional difficulty of the test, became a lasting example of true faith.
A great sacrifice
Before the sacrifice could take place, Allah (swt) replaced Ismail (as) with a ram and honored Prophet Ibrahim’s (as) devotion.
“Indeed this is a manifest test; and, (so) We ransomed and (replaced him) with a great sacrifice (in the form of a sheep).”
Surah As-Saffat, Ayah 106-107
This powerful event became the foundation of Qurbani during Eid al-Adha.
What does Qurbani really mean?
The word Qurbani comes from the Arabic word “qurb,” which means closeness.
Although the act involves sacrificing an animal, the true purpose of Qurbani is spiritual devotion and sincerity toward Allah (swt).
Allah (swt) says:
“Never will the (animals’) flesh or their blood reach Allah (swt); however, what reaches Him from you is piety…”
Surah Al-Hajj, Ayah 37
This verse reminds Muslims that Qurbani is not simply about the physical act of sacrifice.
Instead, it represents humility, gratitude, and the willingness to put Allah (swt) above personal desires.
The act encourages believers to strengthen their faith while also caring for others through charity and generosity.
How Qurbani is practised today
Today, Muslims around the world practice Qurbani during Eid al-Adha by sacrificing animals such as sheep, goats, cows, or camels according to Islamic guidelines.
The meat is then shared with family members, neighbors, and those experiencing hardship.
The charitable importance of Qurbani is emphasized in Islamic teachings.
Prophet Muhammad (saww) is reported to have said:
“Allah (swt) has established this Udhiyah so that your poor may eat meat, so feed them.”
Wasail al-Shiah, v.14, s.3, ch.14, h.18989
Lesson from Prophet Ibrahim’s (as) legacy
The story of Prophet Ibrahim (as) teaches Muslims the importance of complete trust in Allah (swt), even when facing difficult tests.
His example demonstrates that true faith often requires patience, sacrifice, and sincerity.
Qurbani also serves as a reminder that devotion is not limited to rituals alone.
Believers are encouraged to sacrifice selfishness, pride, and attachment to worldly comforts in order to grow closer to Allah (swt).
At the same time, the practice strengthens compassion and generosity by helping provide food and support to families in need during Eid.
Final reflections
Qurbani remains one of the most meaningful acts of worship during Eid al-Adha because it reflects the powerful legacy of Prophet Ibrahim (as).
His story continues to inspire Muslims to live with sincerity, trust, and compassion.
Frequently Asked Questions
Muslims perform Qurbani to remember the obedience and faith of Prophet Ibrahim (as) when he was tested by Allah (swt). It is also a way to help provide food for people in need during Eid al-Adha.
Prophet Ibrahim (as) is one of the most honored prophets in Islam. He is remembered for his devotion, patience, and unwavering trust in Allah (swt).
The command involving Prophet Ismail (as) was part of a divine test for Prophet Ibrahim (as). Through their obedience and submission, both father and son demonstrated complete faith in Allah (swt).
Sheep, goats, cows, and camels may be used for Qurbani as long as they meet the required Islamic conditions related to health and age.
Qurbani is required for pilgrims during Hajj, while many Muslims outside of Hajj observe it as a highly recommended act of worship during Eid al-Adha.
The meat from Qurbani is commonly distributed among family, friends, and people facing poverty or food insecurity, so more families can benefit during Eid al-Adha.
